NEWS & KNOWLEDGE

Inflammation is the body’s natural response to infection or injury. However, when inflammation happens in the reproductive system — especially in women — it can make it harder to get pregnant. Inflammation may affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries, and reduce the chances of fertilization or embryo implantation.

Types of Inflammation Related to Infertility

1. Vaginal and Cervical Inflammation

This condition is usually caused by infection, and symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause. Common signs include abnormal vaginal discharge, spotting or irregular bleeding, irritation, and discomfort. In severe cases, fever or abdominal pain may occur, leading to pelvic inflammation. Inflammation in the vaginal or cervical area can also produce secretions that are toxic to sperm, causing sperm weakness and preventing them from reaching and fertilizing the egg.

2. Salpingitis

Salpingitis can occur for several reasons, such as bacterial infection, childbirth, or miscarriage. It may affect one or both fallopian tubes and lead to inflammation in the ovaries.
There are two main types:

• Acute salpingitis – the fallopian tubes become swollen and red.
• Chronic salpingitis – long-term inflammation that, if left untreated, may spread to other reproductive organs.

3. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

PID is an infection that affects the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It commonly develops when bacteria from the vagina or cervix travel upward. This condition can cause blocked fallopian tubes or pelvic adhesions, both of which can interfere with fertilization and lead to infertility.

4. Endometritis

Endometritis occurs when an infection from the vagina or cervix spreads to the uterus, uterine muscle, fallopian tubes, or pelvic cavity. Inflammation of the endometrium creates an environment unsuitable for embryo implantation, and even if implantation occurs, the embryo may fail to develop properly. This is a major factor contributing to failed pregnancies or infertility.

Warning Signs to Watch For

• Abnormal vaginal discharge: Unusually heavy, discolored (yellow or green), or foul-smelling discharge.
• Irregular bleeding: Bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse.
• Irritation: Itching, burning, or pain in the vaginal area.
• Pelvic pain: Pain during intercourse or a dull ache in the lower abdomen.
• Menstrual changes: Heavier-than-usual periods or spotting between cycles.
• Fever or chills: Signs of infection that may indicate inflammation.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor promptly for proper examination and treatment. Ignoring signs of inflammation or delaying care can lead to chronic conditions and reduce fertility potential. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve pregnancy chances and reduce the risk of infertility in the future.

Article by

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Matchuporn Sukprasert (License no. 27172)

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